Not every water filter works by blocking particles. Learn how mechanical filtration differs from adsorption, why pore size is only part of the story and how engineered surfaces open new approaches to water treatment.
Drinking water does not need to have a pH of exactly 7. Learn what pH measures, why Germany allows 6.5–9.5 and how pH influences corrosion, minerals and water treatment.
Modern laboratories can detect chemicals at microgram and nanogram levels. Learn how to read these tiny concentrations, what detection limits mean and why presence alone does not determine health relevance.
Water can look perfectly clear while containing dissolved minerals, ions and trace substances. Learn why visibility tells us little about water chemistry and why different contaminants require different treatment mechanisms.
Where drinking water comes from matters. Discover how geology, rainfall, agriculture and surface contact shape groundwater, surface water and natural springs before treatment.
Hard water contains more calcium and magnesium, but that does not make it poor-quality water. Learn what hardness really means for limescale, taste, appliances and drinking water.
Water treatment does not end the story. Discover what happens as drinking water moves through storage, distribution networks and building plumbing before reaching the tap.
A filtration technology can perform well in the laboratory. The more important question is whether it can operate reliably inside a real industrial process.
From late 2025 through April 2026, Klar2O and Ensinger Mineral-Heilquellen conducted a six-month pilot project integrating Klar2O filtration media into the process-water stream used for bottle cleaning at an Ensinger bottling facility.
Since 12 January 2026, new EU requirements for PFAS in drinking water have entered into application. For the first time, EU Member States must monitor PFAS levels in drinking water in a harmonised way and ensure compliance with the limits established under the recast Drinking Water Directive. [European Commission, New EU rules limit PFAS in drinking water, https://environment.ec.europa.eu/news/new-eu-rules-limit-pfas-drinking-water-2026-01-12_en] For water suppliers and companies involved in water treatment, this increases the importance of reliable PFAS analysis, appropriate filter-media selection and continuous monitoring. What are the new EU PFAS limits? The EU Drinking Water Directive defines two parameters for PFAS: The “Sum of PFAS” refers to a defined group of PFAS considered particularly
Water filters are designed to work under regular operating conditions. Water enters the system, moves through the filtration media, and leaves through the outlet. When a filter sits unused for days, weeks, or months, this process stops, but the filter does not become inactive in a neutral way. Inside the cartridge, water can remain trapped in the filter media, housing, pores, seals, tubing, or reservoir. This standing water is no longer the same as fresh incoming tap water. The CDC notes that germs can grow when water sits still inside water systems, and that filters and treatment systems can also allow germ growth if they are not maintained properly. This is
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